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Význam vitaminu D a jeho metabolitů v reprodukci živočišných organismů
Červenka, Jiří
Vitamin D is considered to be a group of molecules that have many functions in animal organisms. The best known of these is the key role in calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and regulation of bone mineralization. In recent years, however, many new functions of this vitamin have been discovered, such as the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, its influence on the immune system or its function in animal reproduction. This thesis deals with the importance of vitamin D in animal reproduction with an emphasis on livestock. In the literature review, the occurrence of receptors for vitamin D in cells of various types of different tissues of reproductive system, particularly in mammals and birds, and the function of various metabolites mediated by these receptors are discussed in the individual chapters. The thesis includes the design of methodology, which would test the effect of vitamin D on reproduction of the male and female domestic chickens. The hypothesis could verify, whether or not, Rhode Island Red cockerels, that would be fed a diet with a higher vitamin D content would demonstrate better ejaculate parameters and higher fertilization of eggs laid by Rhoade Island White hens inseminated with this semen. Furthemore, a solution is proposed to verify the hypothesis, assuming higher hatchability and lower embryonic mortality in hens fed higher vitamin D feed mixture. The result would be compared with hens and roosters of the same breeds, reared in an environment with the same conditions, fed a vitamin D deficient feed mixture.
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Production of pates with the addition of mushrooms
Tóthová, Martina ; Holub, Jiří (referee) ; Mikulíková, Renata (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the sensory evaluation of pâté with mushrooms. First the 3 samples of pâtés were made to select the right concentration of mushrooms for sensory evaluation. Then the 7 samples of pâtés which contained different texture and types of mushrooms were produced. In the theoretical part pâtés are characterised, their manufacturing and types of pâtés are described. The part of literature search is description of mushrooms in general, their composition and description of mushrooms which were used for production of pâtés. Another topic is description of conditionals and methods of sensory analysis. The experimental part is focused on the production of pâtés for two sensory analyses, evaluating the heat treatment and sensory analysis. The content of vitamin D in the samples of pâtés was analysed by liquid chromatography. Processing of results of sensory analysis of pâtés was determined that the best samples were pâtés with milled champignons and champignons which were add in blender.
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The issue of vitamin D in elite sport
Káchová, Nikola ; Dostal, Jiří (advisor) ; Kalendová, Barbora (referee)
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that can be synthesized in the skin after exposure to sunlight or obtained through food or supplements. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 14 days of sun exposure in an area with higher levels of UV radiation (Dubai, United Arab Emirates) on vitamin D concentrations in a selected group of water slalom athletes and to further evaluate the changes in concentrations after a further 14 and 30 days after return. Data for the study were obtained by using four blood draws and comparing the average vitamin D concentration between the blood draws. Eleven elite athletes aged 18-35 years who were not taking vitamin D supplements participated in the study. The results showed that before the intervention, the athletes had average vitamin D levels lower (69.4 nmol/l) than the lower reference limit set at 75 nmol/l. Exposure to sunlight for 14 days resulted in a significant increase in vitamin D concentration, with an average increase of 10.8 nmol/l in the study group. Upon return to the Czech Republic, the vitamin D level increased slightly by an average of 0.7 nmol/l for 14 days, but this increase was not statistically significant compared to the previous sampling. After 30 days of stay, the vitamin D level decreased on average by 1.3 nmol/l. This result...
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Vitamin D deficiency and post-surgery recovery
Veigertová, Tereza ; Vachek, Jan (advisor) ; Zakiyanov, Oskar (referee)
This diploma thesis pursues the topic of vitamin D deficiency, which is rather prevalent in the Czech population. The theoretical part summarizes findings about the systemic function of vitamin D in the human body and its importance in postoperative recovery. We know about vitamin D's impact on xenobiotic detoxification, reduction of oxidative stress, neuroprotection, and immunoregulation. Ubiquitous intracellular vitamin D receptors mediate the extraskeletal effects of vitamin D. Objectives: The principal aim of the thesis was to demonstrate the difference in the number of postoperative complications and lengths of hospitalization in patients with vitamin D deficiency and patients without vitamin D deficiency. Furthermore, the research aims to discover the relationship between vitamin D and postoperative recovery and evaluate the importance of vitamin D supplementation in preoperative deficiency. Methods: The practical part uses retrospective data from the database of the Klatovská nemocnice on patients monitored in the internal and osteological outpatient department. The criteria for the selection of patients were performed surgery and measured serum level of 25(OH)D. Postoperative complications were evaluated. The evaluation took into account the patients' age and type of operation. Patients...
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Effect of vitamin D on ABCB1 and CYP3A4 expression in human precision-cut intestinal slices
Mazurová, Tereza ; Vokřál, Ivan (advisor) ; Matoušková, Petra (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Student: Tereza Mazurová Supervisor: PharmDr. Ivan Vokřál, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Effect of vitamin D on the expression of ABCB1 and CYP3A4 in human intestinal slices When drugs are administered orally, their absorption is significantly affected by the intestinal barrier. This barrier expresses a variety of efflux and uptake transporters, as well as first and second-phase biotransformation enzymes. The most important efflux transporter in the intestinal barrier is P-glycoprotein, which has a broad substrate specificity. Among the first-phase biotransformation enzymes, cytochrome P450 3A4 is the most important. Their function is to protect the human body from the toxic effects of xenobiotics, including drugs. Many clinically important drugs act as substrates, inhibitors or inducers in relation to these proteins, which may result in an increased risk of drug interactions. A plethora of dietary supplements or medicines containing vitamin D can be found in the pharmacy. It is used for the proper development of bones and teeth, for the proper function of the immune system or for the treatment of osteomalacia, rickets or osteoporosis. Limited information is available on its effects on P-gp and...
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Levels of vitamin D in relation to respiratory diseases up to 19 years of age
KRAUS, Petr
Introduction: The positive effects of vitamin D on the human body are frequently discussed and investigated by numerous studies, both foreign and domestic, and its serum levels are closely monitored in relation to diseases. Vitamin D has positive effects on the immune system, influences intestinal calcium transport, is important for proper mental and physical development and growth of children, even during pregnancy, and helps prevent lung diseases. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between blood vitamin D levels and respiratory diseases in children. Methodology: Serum vitamin D levels and their relationship to respiratory diseases were also monitored in relation to gender and season (summer and winter). Sample: Blood samples were collected from 127 respondents aged 2 months to 18 years, including both healthy and sick individuals, for vitamin D levels. Data collection and processing for healthy children were approved by their parents (Appendix 1). Blood samples were collected over a period of two years at a healthcare facility in the South Bohemian region. The results were evaluated in two borderline groups, at 50 and 75 nmol/L. Furthermore, the vitamin D content of 10 diets of these children was processed and evaluated. The resulting values of vitamin D levels also included studied diets. Results: The results did not confirm the expected relationship between vitamin D levels and respiratory tract diseases in children in either borderline group at 50 and 75 nmol/L. However, partial effects on the respiratory tract were confirmed. Discussion: The author attempts to explain why the hypothesis was not clearly confirmed.
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Význam konzumace rybího masa v prevalenci skrytého hladu u dětí: komparace vybraných zemí Latinské Ameriky a Afriky
Rajchmanová, Jana
This thesis is primarily focused on the impact of fish meat supply on the prevalence of hidden hunger in children under 5 years of age in selected countries from Africa and Latin America. The aim of the thesis was to test the hypothesis that there is an inverse realtionship between fish meat supply and the prevalence of indicators representing the prevalence of hidden hunger. As the prevalence of hidden hunger is influenced by many factors, the analytical part of the thesis also included an analysis of the effect of total calorie intake and protein intake. Correlations were performed for each selected country from Africa and Latin America separately, and then also as an average of selected countries from both regions. Trends in dietary intake of each micronutrient in the selected countries were also monitored. An inverse realtionship was found between fish meat supply and the prevalence of hidden hunger, as well as between total energy intake and the prevalence of hidden hunger, and between protein supply and the prevalence of hidden hunger. For selected countries in the African region, total calorie supply had the greatest effect on the prevalence of hidden hunger, followed by protein supply and finally fish meat supply. For the selected countries from the Latin American region, protein supply, followed by total calorie supply, and finally fish meat supply had the greatest impact on the reduction of hidden hunger.
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Intake of the D vitamin at children in older school age
SALZEROVÁ, Eliška
Recent scientific research speaks of the vast importance of Vitamin D concerning our health. It is widely known that vitamin D affects the metabolism of calcium. Moreover, new evidence recently came to light about its positive effects on areas outside the immune system. It also impacts a child's proper growth and development, nervous system functioning, and creation and growth of neurons. Up to 60 % of European children suffer from Vitamin D deficiency. The reason for that can be insufficient intake of vitamin D-rich foods and inadequate time spent outside in the sunshine. I chose four goals for my bachelor's thesis. The first goal is to ascertain the amount of vitamin D that lower secondary school children intake orally. The second is to ascertain the significance of oral vitamin D supplements for lower secondary school children. The third goal is to ascertain the number of products with vitamin D content than lower secondary school children have in their diet. The last goal is to determine what part of dietary reference intake of vitamin D lower secondary school children take in from food. The method I chose to reach those goals was quantitative-qualitative. The sample consisted of 20 lower secondary school children from Písek and surrounding areas. For research methods, I decided on questionnaires and a weekly menu. Questionnaires allowed me to determine the number of products with vitamin D content that each subject consumed and information about potential supplements. The foods listed in the menus were input into the Nutriservis software, which calculated the vitamin D content in microgramms per day and week. Subsequently, I used the weekly vitamin D intake to calculate the percentage of its weekly oral dietary reference intake that the subjects take in. If the subject used supplements, I added that to the overall amount and again calculated the actual vitamin D taken in as a weekly oral dietary reference intake percentage. The questionnaire uncovered concerning products with vitamin D content, lower secondary school children prefer milk, or dairy products, and eggs. Another frequently consumed products were vegetable oils. Fish appeared in the diet once or twice per week. Almost half of the subjects did not eat liver at all. The results of the weekly menu made it clear that supplements are crucial to fulfilling the weekly oral dietary reference intake as, without them, none of the subjects would fulfil the weekly DRI Subjects that did use supplements were successful in 75 % of cases. Weekly oral dietary reference intake was fulfilled by six out of eight subjects using supplements. These results indicate that it is necessary to increase awareness of both children and parents about vitamin D intake.
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Intake of the D vitamin at children at younger school age
PAVLÍČKOVÁ, Adéla
Vitamin D is an integral part of our diet. It is vital for a proper growth and development of a child. It affects development of bones, nervous system activity, neuron creation, and immune system. Currently, around 60% of European children suffer from its deficiency. Insufficient intake of vitamin D from animal sources can be the cause of the deficiency for this group. Up to 90% of vitamin D intake is caused by the sun. Thus, the cause of the deficit can also be the lowered time spent outside. I chose four goals for my bachelor's thesis. The first goal was to ascertain the amount of vitamin D that primary school children intake orally. The second goal I chose was to ascertain the significance of oral vitamin D supplements for primary school children. The third goal was to ascertain the number of products with vitamin D content that primary school children have in their diet. The last goal was to determine what part of dietary reference intake of vitamin D primary school children take in from food. The practical part dealt with the interpretation of the research results. The sample consisted of 20 subjects aged 6 to 12 years old, and the data were gathered in Písek and surrounding areas. The research method I chose was quantitative-qualitative. The data were gathered by questionnaires and menus. The questionnaires helped determine the number of products with vitamin D content that each subject consumed in a week. It also contained a question whether they supplement vitamin D. The menu helped determine the amount of vitamin D taken in from foods in a week. The collected data from menus were subsequently inputted into the Nutriservis software, which calculated the amounts of vitamin D in micrograms from the given foods. From these results, I calculated the overall weekly vitamin D intake and what percentage it made from the weekly oral dietary reference intake of vitamin D. If the subject used supplements, I added it to the calculation of weekly intake and determined the percentage of weekly oral dietary reference intake. The questionnaires indicate that among the most favourite products with vitamin D content are milk and dairy products. Less frequent but also significant are egg yolks and vegetable oils. Liver, however, was reportedly consumed by only three subjects out of 20 on a weekly basis. Based on the results, a conclusion can be drawn - vitamin D supplements play a significant role in the given age group. This claim is supported by the research results, which indicated that none of the subjects would have fulfilled the weekly oral dietary reference intake without vitamin D supplements. Currently supplementing were 8 out of 20 subjects. Seven out of the eight supplementing managed to fulfil the weekly oral dietary reference intake. These results indicate that it is necessary to increase awareness of both children and parents about vitamin D intake.
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Prospective study of adults diet and their vitamin D blood level
HAVLOVÁ, Adéla
Vitamin D is a widely discussed topic in domestic and foreign literature. Vitamin D serves many functions in human body, for example in affects calcium metabolism. Vitamin D is produced photochemically during sun exposure and partly it is consumed with food intake. This thesis is concerned with the problematic of dietary intake of vitamin D. The goal of my research was to analyze a relationship between a specific amount of vitamin D intake with food and vitamin D level in blood in a person. In this research quantitative methodology - prospective method was used. The participants of my research wrote down every meal they ate every day for nine months. They specified amount and kind of consumed food intake. Participants blood was analyzed for levels of calcidiol, alkaline phosphatase, calcaemia and phosphataemia. The blood was taken twice during the research. The number of participants involved six women and three men. The research started on 1 March 2021 and lasted until 30 November 2021. The participants from the research had no record of gastrointestinal diseases, this could affect vitamin D absorption from dietary intake and that could lead to biased results. This research was led as a blinded experiment to prevent experimental bias. It was important that the participants did not consume higher or lower amounts of vitamin D on purpose. Each participant followed regular assorted diet and did not restrict oneself in food intake. The results showed that participants of this study consumed more vitamin D in their diet on weekends rather that in a regular day. It was further discovered that in spring vitamin D blood level correlated with the amount of consumed vitamin D in diet. Median value of vitamin D intake in diet for one participant was 2,268 g per day, average value was 3,55 g per day. Based on the evaluated participants lists of meals was discovered that the amount of consumed vitamin D in diet made 17,75 % of its guideline daily amounts.
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